On November 24, The Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s (CFIA) reference lab confirmed positive equine infectious anemia (EIA) results for a horse in Two Hills County, Alberta. The owner requested bloodwork for the horse to fulfill export requirements to the US. She had purchased the horse from the Fort Assiniboine area earlier in the year.
The veterinarian did not notice any clinical signs at the time of sampling. The CFIA is conducting an investigation, and it has placed movement controls on the horse and other exposed horses on the premises. According to initial reports, there are other equines on the property. Movement controls will remain until all disease response activities have been completed, including follow-up testing and ordering the destruction of confirmed cases.
EDCC Health Watch is an Equine Network marketing program that utilizes information from the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) to create and disseminate verified equine disease reports. The EDCC is an independent nonprofit organization that is supported by industry donations in order to provide open access to infectious disease information.
About EIA
Equine infectious anemia is a viral disease that attacks horses’ immune systems. The virus is transmitted through the exchange of body fluids from an infected to an uninfected animal, often by blood-feeding insects such as horseflies. It can also be transmitted through the use of blood-contaminated instruments or needles.
A Coggins test screens horses’ blood for antibodies that are indicative of the presence of the EIA virus. Most U.S. states require horses to have proof of a negative Coggins test to travel across state lines.
Once an animal is infected with EIA, it is infected for life and can be a reservoir for the spread of disease. Not all horses show signs of disease, but those that do can exhibit:
- Progressive body condition loss;
- Muscle weakness;
- Poor stamina;
- Fever;
- Depression; and
- Anemia.
EIA has no vaccine and no cure. A horse diagnosed with the disease dies, is euthanized, or must be placed under extremely strict quarantine conditions (at least 200 yards away from unaffected equids) for the rest of his life.